Easy garden designs that also help native pollinators

Garden designs do not need to be complicated, expensive or time-consuming. Pollinators have simple needs: a year-round supply of pesticide-free food and water, and bare ground or wood for nesting. For questions about which plants are best, see my Top Native Plant and Tree Lists. 

I recommend sprinkling annual wildflower seed in between perennial plants to create a diversity of flower sizes and shapes. While these plants are available at most Houston nurseries, please only purchase plants from nurseries that are certified pesticide-free!

Click on the box below for the designs, ready to print and take to the nursery!

Tips for Pollinator Garden Design
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Top Native Plant & Tree Lists
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Preparing the garden area

Preparing the garden bed area

Consider land slope, water drainage, and exposure to sun and wind such as a good south-eastern exposure that is protected from winds.

Determine the area to be used, such as 15 ft x 3 ft. For those without a small garden area, use roof gardens, porches, and windowsills.

•  For every 4 square feet, one bag of organic compost

•  Mix in a balanced organic fertilizer (I like Down to Earth brand)

Avoid wood bark mulch, most native bees dwell in the ground and can’t build nests over mulch.

Consider compost instead, it provides similar weed suppression and water retention properties, yet allows for nesting and improves your soil.

For our Houston gumbo soil, I recommended using a shovel and mini pick axe to dig a hole a few inches larger than the plant roots. Use a hori hori for finer digging and weeding.
Recipe for preparing plant holes

Add WITH plant, roughly:

  • 50% potting mix such as Nature’s Yield (low cost) or Happy Frog (high cost)
  • 25% compost/mulch (any organic brand)
  • 25% coconut coir (place block in bucket of water, will expand generously)
  • Handful of “plant food” (fertilizer), I prefer MicroLife Fertilizer (Houston company!), or you can find Happy Frog (high cost), or another organic fertilizer (low cost), but use one containing mycorrhizae (beneficial microbes)
  • Handful of Earthworm Castings
  • Generous pinch of rock phosphate, buy the bulk bucket not the brand names. A large container of rock phosphate is relatively inexpensive and will last practically forever. Phosphate aids root growth and establishment of new plants – it’s my favorite secret weapon in the garden!
Sample calculation for vegetable garden

Calculations for vegetable garden size are available from many resources. Example of size recommendation for 4 people:

  • 4,000 sqft of growing space/person.
  • If 60% of your garden is grain/carbon crops, then 40% is veggies (4,000 x .40 = 1,600 sqft/person).
  • Rows 4 ft x 25 ft provides 16 rows/person (4 x 25 = 100 sqft, 100 x 16 = 1,600 sqft).
  • 1,600 sqft x 4 (people) = 6400 sqft or 64 rows (4 ft x 25 ft), about 14.5% of an acre (43,560 sqft).

Without pathways, the total area is approx. 256 ft x 25 ft. Hope that math is right!

Sample design for plant garden

This simple garden 10 ft X 13 ft design includes drought and heat tolerant plants that bloom and provide food most of the year, and are usually available locally.

Garden design and plant list
Native plant garden illustration
Sample garden design for large lawn

I created this design for a friend whose yard was a blank slate. All plants are adapted for Houston’s hot, humid climate and drought-like conditions.

We emphasized use of native plants which are well-adapted to local soil and climate conditions (hybrids do not provide genetic diversity).

Install a diversity of flowering plants with diverse bloom-times, color, shapes and sizes, and group a minimum of 5-7 same-species plants together. 

See the key to the recommended plants and trees in the design image below.

Pollinator Garden Design for Large Spaces
Key for lawn garden image

A. Mexican Flame Vine – butterflies

B. Herbs & Vegetables (esp. dill and fennel, ladybugs are attracted to it, host plant for swallowtail butterflies)

C. Container Flowers (eg. Ornamental Cabbage, cascading Petunias, sweet Alyssum, thyme)

D. 4-5’ flowering shrub, for example:

  • Rosemary – bees, butterflies
  • Firecracker Shrub – hummingbirds
  • Senna Corymbosa – “Yellow Senna” – host for Sulfur butterflies
  • Candletree, Cassia alata – bees

E. 5-8’ flowering shrub, for example:

  • Vitex – “Chaste Tree” – bees
  • Esperanza, AKA “Yellow bells” – bees
  • Buttonbush – bees
  • Coral bean – hummingbirds

F. Showstoppers, for example:

  • Muhly grass – bird nesting material
  • African Blue Basil – bees, butterflies
  • Butterfly Bush – butterflies
  • Yarrow – bees, ladybugs

G. 2-3’ Flowering Plants (Buy & plant these in groups of 3)

  • Bee Balm – “Monarda” – bees
  • Golden Baby Goldenrod, or Fireworks Goldenrod, or other Solidago species (Not allergenic contrary to popular belief) – buy packet of seeds and sprinkle near back of bed close to fence
  • Zinnia & sunflowers – buy packets of seeds and sprinkle in back of bed near fence
  • Coneflower, Echinacea – butterflies
  • Butterfly Weed, Asclepias tuberosa – butterflies
  • Red Valerian (Jupiter’s Beard), Ceranthus – hummingbirds
  • Gregg’s Blue Mist Flower, Eupatorium greggii – bees
  • Rudbeckia, “Black-eyed Susan” – butterflies
  • Red Turks Cap – hummingbirds

H. 12-18” Flowering plants (Buy & plant these in groups of 3 or 5)

  • Sage, Salvia species – hummingbirds, bees, butterflies
  • Liatris, Liatris spicata – butterflies
  • Red Birds in a Tree, Scrophularia macrantha – hummingbirds
  • Penstemon, Penstemon species – bees
  • Gomphrena, “Globe Amaranth” – bees
  • Pincushion Flowers, Scabiosa – bees
  • Lantana – butterflies, bees, hummingbirds
  • Yarrow, Achillea species, bees, ladybugs
  • Shrimp Plant, bees
  • Poppy – buy seeds and sprinkle generously throughout bed, bees

Small Flowering Trees (that pollinators love)

  • Mexican Buckeye
  • Redbud
  • Silver Bell, Halesia diptera
  • Texas Olive, Cordia boissieri

More considerations for your garden

Garden lighting to reduce impact on pollinators

Like humans, insects need natural light/dark cycles, so limit artificial light sources, even half a dark night is better than none. Smart low-glare outdoor lighting benefits human and animals.

And FYI, termites swarm at night under certain conditions and they’re attracted to artificial light sources around the home, such as porch lamps, motion lights, and light reflected from inside.

If artificial lighting is needed for human safety or security:

  • retain some dark areas; turn lights off when not in use, or use motion sensors or timers
  • mount fixtures low to ground; angle light downward below a 90-degree plane, and shield or hood light so not directly visible

Wavelength matters. To help pollinators, consider the wavelength of your lighting:

  • use long-wavelength light greater than 560 nanometers (yellow, orange, red ~570-750nm)
  • may use dim white solar powered light, avoid colored solar light
  • avoid short-wavelength light (violet, blue, green ~400-510nm; white ~390-750nm); white LED light (5mW wavelength range ~275-950nm)
  • avoid light filters, gels, or lenses; multi-colored lights; broad-spectrum
  • minimize blue light emissions; bees are attracted to dangerous blue fluorescence in 430-480nm range

More lighting information:

SPREAD THE WORD: The solution to light pollution is 90% education and awareness, and 10% hardware.

Pollinator-friendly landscape management practices

These practices are safer for you, your family and pets, and the Earth. One of the largest threats to bees is a lack of safe habitat. Most native bees are solitary creatures, 70% of solitary bees live underground, while 30% live in holes inside of trees or hollow stems (only non-native honey bees live in hives). 

  • Go chemical-free for bees and humans. Avoid toxic synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, and neonicotinoids. Use organic alternatives and natural solutions like adding beneficial insects like ladybugs and praying mantises to help keep pests away. More information on organic alternatives.
  • Limit pruning. Bees make homes in dead or dying branches with hollow stems, if possible leave some dead trees and trunk stumps.
  • Till soil with care to avoid killing ground nesting bees.
  • Limit mowing grassy areas with low, dense cover. 
  • Avoid wood bark mulch. Bees can’t build a nest if mulch covers the ground. Consider compost instead, it provides similar weed suppression and water retention properties, yet allows for nesting and improves your soil.
  • Provide nesting sites. Unmanicured landscapes create habitats and protect ground nesting sites under leaf litter, brush, rocks, etc. Leave an untouched plot of land for them in your garden; make or purchase a “bee condo” with small tube “apartments” for bee residents.
  • Provide a safe haven. Keep area free of trash and animal waste that can attract insects harmful to pollinators. 
  • Provide trees for bees. Bees get most of their nectar from trees, which provide hundreds or thousands of blossoms for food, leaves and resin for nesting material, and natural wood cavities for shelter. 
  • Create a bee bath. Bees work up quite a thirst foraging and collecting nectar. Fill a shallow bird bath or bowl with clean water, and arrange pebbles, stones, or float wood to break the water’s surface where bees can land.
Create a bee hotel

If you install a “bee hotel” in your garden, it will soon be filled with busy leafcutter females building nests. Bee blocks are a great way to create nesting homes for leafcutter bees. Make sure holes are drilled 6 inches deep to encourage development of female bees. Mother leafcutters place female eggs deep and male eggs closer to the entrance. More info on bee walls, habitats and nesting blocks. 

bee blocks for leafcutter bees

The U.S. Ecoregion map by Doug Tallemy is useful because plants do not distribute themselves according to political boundaries like state or county. Plants grow where they can, based on soil type, rainfall, temperature, altitude, and past geological events like glaciation.

Pollinator Garden Design for Large Spaces

The Gulf-Houston Ecoregion map from Houston Wilderness shows ten ecoregions: seven land-based and three water-based, including forests, prairies, savannahs, bayous, bottomlands, coastlines and ocean.